地铁发展历史及前景 中英

1863年1月10日，这是一个不同寻常的日子，按照查尔斯•皮尔逊的设计，世界上第一条地下铁道在伦敦正式建成并投入运营。这一地铁是由蒸汽机牵引的，车厢是由木材制成的，客车车厢内是用煤油灯照明的。居民们争先恐后前去乘坐地铁，伦敦的交伏闷贺通拥挤很快得到了缓解。

　　可是，没过多久，居民对乘坐地铁不感兴趣了，又宁愿乘坐马车了。这是因为，地铁的蒸汽机排出的水蒸汽，燃料燃烧产生的烟雾，煤油灯泄漏的煤气全部集聚在隧道内。地铁隧道内终日浓烟滚滚，气味呛人，使人难以忍受。“能不能发明一种不冒烟的列车，让它在城市里行驶呢？”为此，已是年近花甲的查尔斯•皮尔逊又开始对地铁进行改进的设计。但是因积劳成疾，最后病死在对地铁进行改进设计的图纸跟前。

　　后来，电动机出现了。1896年，在匈牙利首都布达佩斯，诞生了世界上第一辆电动地铁。它因为没有污染，行驶速度快，深受城市居民的欢迎。从缺派此，地铁相继出现在世界各大城市。但是，人们永远无法忘记查尔斯•皮尔逊发明地铁的艰苦历程

公开资料显示，我国城市轨道交通投资已达1.23万亿元，2012年完成1896亿元，建成337公里地铁。2013年投资2200亿元，将建成290公里。全国已批准修建城市轨道交通的35个城市，线路里程合计5720公里。据行业内估算，到"十二五"末，全国城轨运营总里程将达到3000公里，到2020年，运营总里程将达到6000-7000公里。

根据公布的城际轨道规划，不仅珠三角城际轨道交通网的总投资罩困规模就高达3700亿元，其中2012年-2020年期间计划完成1180亿元。而江苏省计划在"十二五"完成860亿元投资后，"十三五"期间再投资2100亿元修建城际轨道。

不仅仅是城轨市场的潜力，随着铁路投融资体制改革的深入，支线铁路和城际铁路的经营权和所有权将逐渐下放到地方政府，有望带动支线铁路和城际铁路的发展。而铁路装备制造将成为最大的受益者。

In January 10, 1863, this was an unusual day, according to Pearson Charles design, the world's first underground railway officially built and put into operation in London. This subway is driven by steam engine, and the car is made of wood, and the car compartment is illuminated with kerosene lamps.. The residents rushed to take the subway, London traffic jam quickly got ease.
However, before long, residents take the subway is not interested, and would rather take the carriage of the carriage. This is because the steam engine of the subway is discharged by water vapor, the smoke generated by the fuel burning, and the gas gathering in the kerosene lamp leak all gather in the tunnel. Inside the subway tunnel smoke, the smell of choking people, making it unbearable. "Can you invent an not smoking train that will drive it in the city?" Therefore, it is nearly 60 years Charles Pearson began to improve the design of the subway. But because the mortality was improved finally break down from constant overwork, drawing up to in the subway.
Later, the motor appeared.. In 1896, in the Hungarian capital, Budapest, the world's first electric subway was born.. Because there is no pollution, the speed of the city residents is welcomed by the city.. From then on, the subway has appeared in the major cities of the world. But people will never forget the hard journey of the invention of the subway by Pearson Charles
Public information, investment in urban rail transportation has reached 1.23 trillion yuan, in 2012 to complete 189600000000 yuan, built 337 km subway. 2013 Investment 220000000000 yuan, will build 290 kilometers. 35 cities nationwide has approved the construction of urban rail transportation, the total line mileage of 5720 kilometers. According to industry estimates, to the twelfth five year, the total mileage of the national urban rail operations will reach 3000 kilometers, by 2020, total mileage will reach 6000-7000 km.
According to the announcement of intercity rail plan, not only the total investment of the PRD intercity rail transit network reached 370000000000 yuan, of which the total investment in 2012 -2020 plan to complete 118000000000 yuan. Jiangsu province plans to complete the 86000000000 yuan investment in the "Twelfth Five Year", "Thirteen five" period to invest 210000000000 yuan to build intercity rail.
Not only is the city rail market potential, with the deepening of the railway investment and financing system reform, regional rail and intercity railway management right and ownership will gradually into the local government, is expected to drive the development of regional rail and intercity rail. The railway equipment manufacturing will become the biggest beneficiary.